with corresponding physical (and mental?) anomalies.

Much is yet to be learned about the genetic sex and some sexual abnormalities, deviations, etc., now ascribed to psychological causes, may eventually find their explana- tion in some still obscure genetic fault.

The (genetic) male embryo, bar- ring accidents, will develop the respective male characters. The so- called primary ones are the testi- cles (testes), because they are directly concerned with reproduc- tion. The secondary ones are not so concerned, but are characteris- tic for the gender. They are the penis, scrotum, prostate, hair dis- tribution, body build, etc.

The (genetic) female embryo will develop the characteristics for her sex, the primary ones be- ing the ovaries. Secondary female characteristics are the clitoris, vulva, vagina, breasts (mammae), wide pelvis, hair distribution, etc.

Both together, the primary and the secondary sex characteristics constitute the Anatomical Sex, our second definition and concept.

To the ordinary way of think- ing, a person's sex corresponds with his anatomical sex. This everyday notion is also the con- cept of the law. The visible sex organs provide the simplest and most practical way to declare "You are a man" or "You are a woman," and SO we have the Legal Sex, the third of our seven.

Errors of sex are possible and not infrequent. The obstetrician or the midwife usually take one look at the new-born baby and con- gratulate the parents on a girl or a boy. But they may have made a mistake.

This so-called "nursery sex," while being the legal one, is not always the true sex. The not yet fully developed anatomical struc- tures may have misled the ob- server. They may not correspond to the genetic sex.

The genetic sex alone is fixed and unalterable. The anatomical as well as the legal sex are sub- ject to change. The surgeon's knife can remove the male organs and also the internal organs of the fe male, and bring about, not a "change of sex," but a change of secondary sex characters, allow- ing therefore changes along other sex lines also, for instance, change of the legal sex.

a

This is often a most difficult problem, red tape being the chief obstacle. Birth certificates are often sacred documents to judges and law clerks, and a change of the sex status of the bearer is an unheard-of violation of some- thing like a divine law.

Much unnecessary misery has sometimes been the consequence. But we should be thankful that occasionally broadminded officials do cut through red tape and grant a legal change of the original sex status, whenever indicated.

64.

The primary sex characters

testes and ovaries--are known col- lectively as gonads. Their presence could be termed the Gonadal Sex. although it is part of the anatomi- cal sex.

Two vitally important functions are inherent in the gonads. One is the internal (endocrine) secre- tion, the other the external (germ cell) production.

The product of endocrine glands are their respective hormones. The so-called "male hormones" are